H.G.Wells The War of the Worlds Essay -- The War of the Worlds Essays

Attacks from Martians, time travel, interplanetary travel and the im executable are possible within the realm of intelligence fiction. The literary genre of skill fiction houses some of the greatest pieces of literature of all time, by some of the greatest authors. Regarded among colleagues, as one of the finest is the inspirational, ingenious and influential writer H. G. Wells. Being the author of such classics as The Time Machine, The Island Of Dr. Moreau and The Invisible Man H. G. Wells is considered the father and primary developer of science fiction. A title Wells was catapulted into with the publication of the 1898 science fiction classic, The War of the Worlds. It was this new style of story that would bring about and create this brand new, enkindle and often educational form of literature. It is The War of the Worlds that really epitomizes what science fiction is and what it should be. The enchanting but gruesome tale of Martian invasion became the beginning of the sophisticated science fiction story and was the first ever story about life on other planets attacking the human race (a now real popular theme). Although this exclusive, appreciated and amusing style of writing was graced with instant success in its current form, it too, like any other style of writing changed with the times. unluckily the new variation was a change for the worse. For many people nowadays science fiction or Sci-Fi as the media miscall it means movies. It means principal Wars and E.T. For others it signifies television shows or radio series, constantly broadcast in peoples homes perpetuating this common misconception. What many do not realize however is that science fiction as a genre of literature is an ancient art, one which is in mass q... .... The main difference between them is the amount of ignorance involved in their classification, for when one begins to examine the classic science fiction novels such as Journey To The Center Of The Earth, Dune and The War Of The Worlds in light of their allocated genre we plunder see just why they are classified as science fiction novels, they respect and recognize the constraints although they do not consciously attempt to fit in, but remarkably they do. The remarkable thing about The War of the Worlds is that it fits into every area of science fiction genre without exception. Is it then a coincidence that it is regarded as one of the best novels of all time, It is more likely that the format and outline of the book and indeed the genre conveys more to the reader. It has something indescribably tantalizing about it that comes from no other genre than science fiction.

Bedstones Gentrification Essay -- Papers

Bedstones Gentrification Firstly I feel it would be a very sensible base to write down my definition of gentrification, as at the end of the day that is what this coursework is about. Conversion and renovation of redundant farm buildings into d tumesceings or different crafts by changing the structure (faade) of them to get it up to date, essentially modernisation. This is often done by wealthier people moving in from the outside community and results in a face lift of the settlements socio-economic status, i.e. the community goes from a working class one into a middle class one due to people moving in. Also there is a change of a villages function purpose to its community. even so, has Bedstone undergone gentrification at all? Yes, I feel it has and by quite a considerable degree. Using my definition to a higher place I will investigate the many factors involved to come to an intelligent decision. Bedstone originated as an agricultural functione d village and the local area was covered with working farms. The community was also quite large, much more than it is today (at its highest in 1821 it was 165). This is backed by the variety of industry that was stationed here in the late 19th and wee to mid 20th century. The village population was able to support a diary (1876- approx 1940s), a school until the 1940s, an inn until the 1930s, a blacksmith and a carpenter. The village utilize to be a bustling agricultural village, which through time has slowly diminished. Numbers have fallen steadily to the present day and is only at present are they starting to grow. Now the village is solely a residential functioned village with no shops, inn,... ... relatively new resident of the village has told me of further developments near the village indicating further gentrification and growth of the village. Unfortunately this further development will bring many problems with it, too numerous to mention and it is unclear what the future holds. However what is clear is that gentrification has happened in Bedstone and to a considerable degree, which hopefully has been shown. Bedstone has been through the whole process of gentrification of conversion and renovation of buildings, a rise in its socio-economic class, as well as a massive influx of people from the outside community. The trend is still going strong and I see no reason wherefore the factors just mentioned wont continue far into the future. We should ask ourselves however, what does the future hold for Bedstone?

Americas Economic Debate :: essays research papers

Government that governs least governs best. Thomas Jefferson43% percent of the National Income (spending) is controlled by state and local sectors kind of of the prominent private sector. Why do they immediately control how deep in debt the whole country is in? In the end it is the following multiplication that will unwillingly be endowed with this record high national debt and growing deficit. It is said that in America our government has marginal influence on our economy that it does not get involved with our market. Laissez-Fair for example a core policy which America proudly claims to practice, and is included in every US annals book in the nation seems to be just that... history. Such accusations are being heard across the nation as Americans are greeted every daybreak with a headline or two reminding us of how much more in debt our country really is. Many are quick to point the palpate at someone anyone (Bush, Iraq etc.) But the truth is that Bush inherited a receding eco nomy from the all famous Clinton administration. In addition to his inherited downward slope, the events that occurred on the 11th of September did not help, in fact it had a cataclysmic effect on the economy. At this point America was confused it was only when a little over a year ago that politicians were bragging about a $557 billion surplus(2001) The US was at an all period low and all it could do was sit back and wait for things to turn around, things that make our great economy work like confidence, security, things that kept consumers want to keep open spending. And like the great nation that America is slowly but surely things did begin to turn around, but the decision to retaliate the attack on our demoralized constitutional republic proved to be just another setback on the latter of the goal to reach a strong and secure economic standard. This is not a history paper but this information will later be used to make a point.The total economy is made up of 2 basic compone nts the portion dependant on federal, state and local government spending is called the GOVERNMENT SECTOR, the part remaining is not dependant on government spending. In fact it depends on growth of national productivity, savings and real incomes. This portion of the economy is called the PRIVATE SECTOR.In the past the undercover sector rightfully so was much larger than the Government sector, but as

Formalistic Approach to Ode on the Death of a Favorite Cat (Favourite)

Formalistic Approach to Ode on the Death of a Favorite Cat (Favourite)      Formal analysis of poetry helps to unfold the underlying meaning of a poesy. This technique does not focus on the author of the poem, or what was happening in history during the time when the poem was written, but instead puts emphasis on the actual mean of the work. Formal analysis breaths life into the literary work and allows the poem to speak for itself. For example, in Thomas Grays poem Ode on the Death of a Favorite Cat, Drowned in a Tub of Gold Fishes, paying close attention to word choice, structure, and rhyme scheme illuminates the actions of the prowling cat.   The most important aspect in writing poetry is word choice. Thomas Gray did an excellent job in using descriptive words, along with using assonance and alliteration, throughout this poem to enhance imagery. For example, in the first stanza Gray describes the cat as being pensive(5) as it watches the fish below. This is followed in the second stanza as Gray uses alliteration and assonance to describe t...

Nuclar Energy Pros Essays -- essays research papers fc

In our hostel, thermonuclear zipper has become one of the most criticized forms of talent by the environmentalists. Thus, a look at nuclear energy and the environment and its impact on economic growth.Lewis Munford, an analyst, once wrote, "Too much energy is as fatal as too little, hence the regulation of energy input and output non its unlimited expansion, is in fact one of the main laws of life." This is accepted when dealing with nuclear power. Because our societies structure and processes both depend upon energy, man is searching for the most efficient and cheapest form of energy that can be used on a long term basis. And because we equate power with growth, the more energy that a country uses, -the greater their expected economic growth. The problem is that energy is considered to train two facets or parts it is a major source of man-made repercussions as well as being the basis of life support systems. Therefore, we ar between two sections in which one is the section of "resource availability and waste", and the other "the continuity of life support systems pertinent to survival."Thus, the environmentalists believe that nuclear energy should not be used for various reasons. First of all, the waste product, i.e. plutonium, is extremely radioactive, which may cause the people who are working or financial support in or around the area of storage or use, to acquire leukemia and other cancers. They also show how billions of dollars are spent yearly on resort devices for a single reactor, and this still doesnt ensure theimpossibility of a "melt down." Two examples were then given of Chernobyl and Three Mile Island, in 1979, when thousands of people were killed andincapacitated. Finally, the environmentalists claim that if society wastes less energy, and develops the means to use the energy more efficiency, then there would be a definite decrease in the requirement for more energy producing plants.On the other hand, so me business men and economists say that the present conditions should be kept intact, as the other forms of energy, e.g. oil, natural gas and coal, are lonesome(prenominal) temporary, in dealing with surplus, and give off more pollution with less economic growth. Concurrently, countries wanted a more reliable, smokeless form of energy not controlled by OPEC, and very little uranium was required to produce such a high amount of res... ...ote, nuclear power "threatens the present and forecloses the future. It is unethical, and inferior to non-fission futures that recruit survival for humans, alive and yet to be born, and nature, with all its living entities." Therefore, in conclusion, it isclearly evident why nuclear energy should be abandoned, even though it may be considered as economically sound, and that we should concentrate more on conservation and quality rather than expansion as we have done in the past.Footnotes1. nuclear Energy The Unforgiving Technology. Edmonton ,Alberta Hurtig Publishers, 1976. Page 201.2. Knelman, Page 202.3. Knelman, Page 234.Bibliography1. Nuclear Energy The Unforgiving Technology. Fred Knelman, HurtigPublishers, Edmonton, Alberta. 1976.2. Economic Thinking and Pollution Problems. Edited by D.A.L. AULD,University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario. 1972.3. Nuclear Energy Solution or Suicide. Edited by Carol C. Collins, Factson File Publications. New York, New York. 1984.Thesis A look at nuclear energy and the environment and why it is one ofthe most criticized forms of energy - when it has great possibilities ineconomic growth.

The Economics of Illicit Drugs Essay -- Crime and Drugs

In this essay I will define drug abuse and show the economic impact of the sales of extracurricular drugs. I will introduce an argument for juristicization and the impact to the economy. Next I will discuss some of the economic cost from lack of productivity, wellness care cost and other cost associated with Drug abuse. In order to understand the economic impact of illicit drugs we must first define what a drug is. A drug is be as any substance other than food that affects the way your mind or soundbox works. Abuse is defined as the wrong use or misuse of something. So drug abuse would be defined as the wrong use of drugs. As a D.A.R.E. officer, this definition has been ingrained into my mind for the past eighteen years. During my twenty years of Law Enforcement I aim learned how dangerous drugs are to the economy. They damage your body and drug abuse also has a huge economic impact on the country. In the United States there are two types of drugs legal and illegal. Th e legal drugs have two subcategories, prescription and over the counter. Prescription drugs are placed into different categories called schedules. The ones that have a highest chance for abuse or addiction have a higher place in the schedule. Schedule I drugs are the drugs that have no safe or accepted medical use in the United States. Examples are heroin, marijuana, LSD, PCP, and crack cocaine. As you go down the schedule the drugs become less addictive and have a small potential for abuse, further are still controlled by the Drug Enforcement Agency. Schedule V are the lowest controlled drugs. Examples are codeine, valium and xanax Non prescription drugs are those that are interchange over the counter and you do not need a prescription to purchase. The illegal o... ...0,000,000 on the health care, productivity and other cost, yet in the same time period we only spent $150 Billion on enforcing the drug laws.If we focused on the treatment and rehabilitation of drug abusers, I incur a substantial portion of the trillion dollars could be used for other things. The economic benefit could possibly be unmeasurable.Works Cited office of Justice Statistics (BJS) . (n.d.). Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) . Retrieved April 10, 2011, from http//bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/Moomaw, R. L., Olson, K. W., & Edgmand, M. R. (2007). Crime and Drugs a Modern Delima. Economics and contemporary issues (7th ed., pp. 201-216). Mason, OH Thomson/South-Western.THE ECONOMIC COSTS OF DRUG. (2001, September 1). National Criminal Justice Reference Service. Retrieved April 7, 2011, from www.ncjrs.gov/ondcppubs/publications/pdf/economic_costs98.pdf

Why does the price of gas fluctuate so greatly?

I believe were in a recovery stage of the business cycle. All the index calculations suggest this. The GDP and cost-of-living index indexes have attachd over the last year and few months but unemployment index has remained unchanged over the last few months. The economy has stabilized and at that place is slow growth. GDP index shows a . 4 per centum increase in the fourth quarter of 2012 and a 1. 8 percent increase in the first quarter of 2013. This increase suggests recovery. CPI index shows has increase 1. percent for all of 2012 and shows a steady increase every month in 2013. in that respects also has been a steady increase every year since 2009. This increase also shows recovery. Unemployment index has remained unchanged in June 2013 at 7. 6 percent from May 2013. It has remain constant for the last 5 months at around 7. 6 percent. It has decreased slightly from June 2013 when it was 8. 2 percent. If the unemployment decreases, its possible that would set us up for an econom ic boom.Why does the price of gas fluctuate so greatly? There are many factors that create price of gas magnetic variation war in the Middle East creating a shortage and production problems creating a shortage. When theres a shortage, prices go up. What will happen as more and more people in China and India decide to buy automobiles? As more and more people in China and India buy automobiles, the strike for gas will increase.The increased assume for gas will exceed the supply and will cause a shortage. The shortage of gas will increase the price of gas. What would happen if most US consumers decided to drive electric cars? If most US consumers decided to drive electric cars the demand of gas would importantly decrease. The US is ranked the number 1 consumer of petroleum. If the demand of gas significantly decreased in the US, the supply of gas would most likely exceed the demand and make lower gas prices.

Unit 1, the Business Environment, P1

FedEx FedEx Corporation is an American global courier delivery service. It functions under a public limited ownership as a tertiary business. A public limited friendship (PLC) means it is able to offer sh ars to the public. The owners of these PLCs are the main shareholders. A tertiary business is one that provides a service to other business or individuals. Federal Express (later known as FedEx) was open up in 1973. Ten years later, the caller-up reaches $1bn in revenue the first US business to achieve this status without merger or acquisition. Services perish to Europe and the Middle East by the end of 1989.Between 1991 and 1999 FedEx launches Express Freighter to provide long delivery to Europe and Asia, FedEx Ship Manager first company to allow customers to process shipments online and FedEx EuroOne, enterprisingness a new hub in Paris. In 2000, FedEx became known as FedEx Corporation. Services are divided into different companies that operate independently yet compete c ollectively. During 2008, FedEx Corp ranks ninth in the business superbrands list. In 2010, the company opened a brand new hub in eau de cologne airport, the largest solar powered hub worldwide. FedEx Corporations revenue during 2011 was in excess of $39. 3bn.FedEx has one main key activity and that is to deliver goods around the world. FedEx express is an overnight courier, providing next day air service. FedEx Ground provides a door-to-door delivery service. FedEx Freight provides a service which carries large amounts of freight to destinations where it is then transported by FedEx Ground. FedEx powerfulness provides a retail outlet for exile, printing, copying and binding services. During an average day various departments within FedEx Corp work together to ensure a splendiferous service is delivered to customers. The marketing department works very hard to ensure people know about them.They especially target small businesses that are in need of professional connections at far off places. They also target embassies and governmental institutions although their main customers are businesses/governments they welcome anyone who is in need of a shipping service. Marketing wants FedEx to be the fastest of courier delivery companies, and so advertises this to entice customers but it has to make sure that this is being met by the various departments within the company. The numerous distribution centres around the world deal with goods the customers want.Here they are delivered from the manufacturers, processed, software productd and then sent on the correct freight vehicle or freight plane. erstwhile this first journey has been completed, the goods will reach a hub, where it is then sorted and moved onto smaller delivery vehicles that deliver to a specific area. Once the package is received, the customer signs and it is terminusd electronically so FedEx knows they have delivered the package. The companys website hosts an electronic tracking system where cu stomers can enter a code and track the take gallery location of their goods and the contents of their goods.Also on their website they promote themselves through marketing. FedEx Corp is a growing company and regularly move intos new employees this is met by the human resources department at various centres around the world they recruit a whole range of staff from pilots to delivery vehicle drivers. Along with this their equipment whether it be plane of van/camion needs maintaining and repairing, so FedEx have their own maintenance department. The whole purpose of this is to make a profit so FedEx Corp can expand and cut across to deliver an excellent, on-time service. Aldi Aldi Ltd is a global discount supermarket chain.It operates under a backstage limited ownership as a secondary and tertiary business. A private limited company means it is owned by individuals or shareholders with profit as the major driving force. A secondary business produces goods, for example Aldi own- brand orange tree juice is produced by a subsidiary company for Aldi. This is then delivered to Aldi and sold to customers. This is a tertiary business a business which sells the finished product. Aldi first store was opened in 1913, and was a quite popular place to shop in the German town of Essen. During the 40s an expansion program was created and more stores were opened.A celebration was held in 1954 for the opening of the 50th store. By 1960 Aldi had grown to a network of over 300 stores Aldi was then divided into Aldi Nord and Aldi Sud. In the 1960s, Aldi became the first company in Germany to adopt the self-service concept. During 1983, Aldi started chilled distribution depots and sol impertinently products such as cheese, yoghurt and sausages. Frozen products came in 1998 and were closely followed by fresh meat. Today, Aldi is a rapidly growing company with more than 9,000 stores across 3 continents, serving millions of people. Aldi has many day-to-day activities.Aldi spen d a lot of money on marketing to let customers know of the lineament products for low prices. During 2011 more than 1 million customers switched from their usual British supermarket to their German rival due to the low-cost products this was mainly achieved by marketing. In the UK, TV adverts were introduced to aver customers of their products. Each week a brochure is produced informing of the deals to come the following week. There are various distribution centres around countries which Aldi operate in. Aldi has a delivered fresh everyday policy, and each day lorry loads of new goods are delivered to each store around the globe.Aldi have a small website which gives customers training of latest product deals and upcoming special buys. Aldi have their own mobile app giving similar information as their website. Aldi do not regularly recruit main workers it is their norm to have least workers. When workers are recruited the HR department would take interest of this. Cleaners are employed by Aldi to take care of their stores after closing time. Aldis purpose is to provide a low-cost quality product service in the form of a supermarket. The main aim is to make profit.

Management theory and practice

IntroductionMary Parker Follett (1868-1933), was an early political scientist and is considered to be integrity of the most prominent Ameri sight focusing theorists in the earlier half of the 20th century (Montana & Chimov 2000, p.17). She is considered to be genius of the founders of the field of Public Administration and organization studies. Labeled by many illustrious direction writers, as the Prophet of Management and the Mother of Scientific Management, she was a critical and independent thinker who has a powerful meet on the focusing theory in the 1920s and 1930s (Orlikowski 1996, p.427).Though an American by birth her work was better known in other countries interchangeable Britain and Japan. whatever theorists attribute this to her being a woman with ideas that were far beyond her time. A nonher reason why her work did not have as much impact as other forethought theorists may also be because she worked as a amicable worker rather than in exalted business circles. Her climax for a cordial responsibility and workings unitedly was also in direct contrast to the use of power and authority, which was prevalent in the times when she was write and lecturing (Tosi, Mero & Rizzo 2001, p.11). The multinational and multicultural expansion of businesses has led to a different nature of roles and responsibilities among the management group. Today many companies are struggling towards corporate social responsibility and the ideas which Ms Follett had introduced years ago are being brought back into the light.The works of Mary Parker became obscure for a long time due to the neutrality among the companies at the time to look for a social responsibility and team work based organization. During her earlier studies, she met Dr. H Metcalf who later published many of her lectures. Dr. Metcalf together with Colonel L. Urwick together in the year 1941 assembled her lectures in a book called Dynamic Administration, which forms the basis for many researches l ooking for Folletts work (Orlikowski 2003, p. 426)The Ideas of Mary Parker FollettMary Parker Follett challenged the ideas of scientific management prevalent at the time, and helped in laying foundations to the human relations school of management (Witzel 2003 p. 102). Her idea was to control people by working with them. The industry at that time was completely hierarchical and authority and power were exerted in a military style. Follett however rooted for an entirely different style of management. She advocated for flatter hierarchies, teamwork and participative management leadership based on ability, cooperative conflict resolution and a shared corporate vision (Bloom & Reichert 1998, p.258).This may be one of the reasons why her ideas were not immediately accepted in the US, where power games were the mainstay for any type of business. The companies were inherently family businesses and the leadership was the next successor to the family whether worthy or not. Teamwork was an un heard of concept, as the management scoffed at it and the subordinates worked solely at the directions of their superiors.Folletts research and writings pointed to a collaborative approach to problem solving which advocated compromise. In fact one of her favorite admonitions to the management was dont over-manage your employees, calling over-managing of employees as bossism. Now days, this process is known as micromanaging by many of the corporate houses.According to her workers could recognize the logic of a situation present in any management request and would comply accordingly (Montana & Chamov 2000, p. 17). Hence, the management task was to formulate their requests in a analytic management but to resist giving too many orders. Her work in modern times constitutes the basis of problem solving and hence is receiving renew inte counterweight.For avoiding over-management situations in organizations, Mary Parker developed the law of situation in 1928. According to her, leaders w ould be more successful if they would adjust their style of leadership to the necessitate of their subordinates and to the requirements of the situation(Covell, Walker, Siciliano & Hess 2007, p.37) .This approach is reflected in todays scenario as casualty view, and can be seen in almost every aspect of management. Organizations usually have contingency plans, which are basically options for every situation which is likely to be encountered. A further offshoot of this plan is the Risk Management, which is the current buzzword in management of organizations.Mary Follett thought that use of authority may have negative effects. Contrary to the popular belief it does not flow downward on principle, but the interactions of assorted process and most importantly people with intelligent thought influence its progress throughout the channels (Tosi, Mero & Rizzo, 2000, p. 11). Also in case of conflicts, she thought that a collaborative solution would tend to be productive as it would lead to integrative problem solving, rather than just exerting authority over the subordinates to impose a solution. In a sense differences would have a positive effect as they would lead to an analysis of the entire boundary of the solution.Mary Follett considered the process of management to be participative instead of one-sided. It hence follows that the job of the management is to channel both group activity and group conflicts and use them constructively to find solutions. She understood the complex social situations and focused on the working groups, which in her view should be managed efficiently instead of order to get the best results (Collins 2000, p. 54). This holds true in todays world with many companies being too large and hence being de-centralized without losing their identity or corporate culture. Hence, management should focus on getting things through by their employees instead of controlling them at every level.The theories proposed by Mary Follett were not just relat ed to organizations. Some of them also concerned the vocational working within these organizations. The popular term used by employees in recent times is professionalism. The word was defined by Mary Parker in a way that holds true in recent terms. According to Follett, A professional is a person who maintains loyalty to a code of ethics that transcends to a loyalty to the rest of the organization. (Shell 2003, p.2) Hence, the term is usually used by freelance or consultants who do not bend their ethics for loyalty towards a phoner.Applications of Folletts principles to organizationsMary Follett was one of the pioneers of the profession of Management Consultant in Britain. She worked for global giants like Unilever as wells as progressive Quaker firms (Murphy 2005 p. 80). In both these organizations she held major influence in bringing the human relations principles to managements.Her thoughts however were forgotten for a long time before the globalization of organizations and the consequent increase in difficulty in managing organizations by a single party. This prompted a structure of globalization where the organization looked into becoming better managed rather than more controlled. The principle of human relations can be seen in many of the organizations whether they explicitly follow the principles or notAs an example Samsung is one of the giant corporations which had to be decentralized due to the political conditions prevalent in Korea at the time. The company went in for a complete decentralization where each of the industries are governed by an independent body.However, each of the companies follows single corporate vision which joins the company under one head. Samsung prepares its own chips for the end products, and is a world leader in both the mobile and chip segments. The effective delegation of work is one of the chief elements of Mary Folletts lecturesOne of the major ironies is that while the work of Mary Parker was not very much in vogue i n United States, countries like Britain and especially Japan embraced her philosophy. The Japanese have always been appreciative of her work because it has been in tune with the consensual, thoughtful, careful and above all respectful approach which is the peculiarity of Japanese people.This is probably the reason why many of the Japanese companies follow the approach for joining huge corporations Sony is an example of a huge company composite which is entirely decentralized. In addition it is collaboration with many companies for future research (Mant 1999, p. 99)ReferencesBooksBloom SL, Reichert M, 1998, Bearing Witness Violence and Collective responsibility, Haworth Press, NewYork Collins DV, 2000, Management Fads and Buzzwords Critical concrete Perspectives, Roultedge, NewYork Covell D, Walker S, Siciliano J, Hess PW, 2007, Managing Sports Organizations Responsibility for Performance, Elsevier, Oxford Mant A, 1999, Intelligent Leadership, Allan & Unwin, New South Wales Montan a PJ, Chamov BH, 2000, Management, Barrons Educational Series, NewYork Murphy CN, 2005, Global Institutions Marginalization and Development, Roultedge, NewYork Orlikowski WJ, 2003, Information Technology and Changes in Organizational Work, Springer, London Shell RL, 2003, Management of Professionals, CRC Press, NewYork Tosi HL, Mero NP, Rizzo JR, 2000, Managing Organizational Behavior, Blackwell Publishing, OxfordWitzel M, 2003, Fifty Key Figures in Management, Roultedge, NewyorkInternet Articleshttp//www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/mgmt_decentralzation_delegation.html

Foundation’s Edge CHAPTER TEN TABLE

TABLETwo days had passed and Gendibal found himself non so much heavyhearted as enraged. Thither was no discernment why at that place could non deem been an immediate consultation. Had he been unprep atomic number 18d had he necessitate duration they would harbour cramd an immediate hearing on him, he was sure.But since there was nonhing to a greater extent facing the guerrilla Foundation than the greatest crisis since the Mule, they wasted conviction and to no purpose that to irritate him.They did irritate him and, by Seldon, that would make his counterstroke the heavier. He was determined on that.He looked ab start him. The anteroom was empty. It had been like that for dickens days now. He was a marked piece, a vocaliser whom every(prenominal) k brand-new would by means of an action unprecedented in the five-century report of the imprimatur Foundation in brief lose his position. He would be demoted to the ranks, demoted to the position of a Second Foundat i peerlessr, plain and simple.It was one thing, however and a very honored thing to be a Second Foundationer of the ranks, particularly if one held a respectable title, as Gendibal baron plain up after the impeachment. It would be quite a nonher thing to rich person once been a loud enunciateer system and to choose been demoted.It wont happen though, cerebration Gendibal savagely, even though for twain days he had been avoided. Only Sura Novi treated him as before, precisely she was too nave to check the situation. To her, Gendibal was tranquillise Master.It irritated Gendibal that he found a indisputable comfort in this. He felt ashamed when he began to nonice that his spirits blush when he noticed her gazing at him worship fullyy. Was he becoming grateful for gifts that sm tot exclusivelyy told?A clerk emerged from the Chamber to tell him that the Table was ready for him and Gendibal stalked in. The clerk was one GendibaI knew well he was one who knew to the ti niest fraction the sm t egress ensemble gradation of civility that each speaker unit deserved. At the moment, that accorded Gendibal was app exclusively in allingly low. Even the clerk vista him as good as convicted.They were all sitting near the Table gravely, wearing the black robes of judgment. frontmost loudspeaker Shandess looked a bit uncomfortable, but he did not capture his face to crease into the smallest touch of friendliness. Delarmi one of the three speakers who were women did not even look at him.The first Speaker verbalize, Speaker Stor Gendibal, you have been impeached for behaving in a way of life unbecoming a Speaker. You have, before us all, accused the Table vaguely and without evidence of treason and attempted murder. You have implied that all Second Foundationers including the Speakers and the front Speaker require a thorough mental analysis to ascertain who among them are no longer to be trusted. Such way breaks the bonds of community, wit hout which the Second Foundation behindnot control an intricate and potentially hostile galaxy and without which they great dealnot build, with surety, a viable Second Empire.Since we have all beautyed those offenses, we give forego the creation of a formal case for the prosecution. We allow therefore move directly to the following stage. Speaker Stor Gendibal, do you have a denial?Now Delarmi still not aspect at him allow ined herself a small catlike make a face.Gendibal said, If truth be considered a defense, I have one. in that location are grounds for pretending a gap of security. That breach whitethorn involve the mental control of one or more Second Foundationers not excluding members here parade and this has created a harmful crisis for the Second Foundation. If, indeed, you hasten this trial because you cannot waste time, you may all perhaps dimly recognize the seriousness of the crisis, but in that case, why have you wasted two days after I had formal ly requested an immediate trial? I submit that it is this deadly crisis that has laboured me to sound out what I have said. I would have behaved in a manner unbecoming a Speaker had I not through with(p) so.He but repeats the offense, freshman Speaker, said Delarmi softly.Gendibals nooky was further re move from the Table than that of the others a clear demotion already. He pushed it farther impale, as though he cared nothing for that, and rose.He said, Will you convict me now, out of hand, in defiance of law or may I present my defense in detail?The graduation Speaker said, This is not a wide-open assemblage, Speaker. Without much in fine way of precedent to guide us, we will lean in your direction, recognizing that if our too-human abilities should cause us to deviate from absolute unspoiledice, it is better to allow the guilty to go free people than to convict the innocent. Therefore, although the case before us is so grave that we may not lightly allow the guilty to go free, we will permit you to present your case in such manner as you aspiration and for as long as you require, until it is decided by substantial vote, including my defecate (and he raised his voice at that phrase) that enough has been heard.Gendibal said, allow me begin, then, by saying that Golan Trevize the commencement ceremony Foundationer who has been driven from Terminus and whom the counterbalance Speaker and I turn over to be the knife-edge of the gathering crisis has moved off in an unexpected direction.Point of randomness, said Delarmi softly. How does the speaker (the intonation clearly indicated that the word was not capitalized) greet this?I was informed of this by the First Speaker, said Gendibal, but I confirm it of my get roll in the hayledge. nether the circumstances, however, considering my suspicions concerning the level of the security of the Chamber, I mustiness be allowed to appreciation my sources of information secret.The First Speaker said , I will suspend judgment on that. allow us proceed without that item of information but if, in the judgment of the Table, the information must be obtained, Speaker Gendibal will have to yield it.Delarmi said, If the speaker does not yield the information now, it is notwithstanding fair to say that I assume he has an agent serving him an agent who is privately employed by him and who is not responsible to the Table generally. We cannot be sure that such an agent is obeying the rules of behavior governing Second Foundation personnel.The First Speaker said with some(a)(a) displeasure, I see all the implications, Speaker Delarmi. There is no recognise aim to spell them out for me.I merely mention it for the record, First Speaker, since this aggravates the offense and it is not an item mentioned in the bill of impeachment, which, I would like to say, has not been read in full and to which I move this item be added.The clerk is directed to add the item, said the First Speaker, and the precise wording will be adjusted at the appropriate time. Speaker Gendibal (he, at least, capitalized) your defense is indeed a step backward. Continue.Gendibal said, Not only has this Trevize moved in an unexpected direction, but at an unprecedented speed. My information, which the First Speaker does not yet have, is that he has traveled nearly ten m parsecs in well under an hour.In a single jump? said one of the Speakers incredulously.In over two dozen jumps, one after the other, with around no time intervening, said Gendibal, something that is even more difficult to imagine than a single jump. Even if he is now located, it will take time to follow him and, if he detects us and really means to flee us, we will not be able to overtake him. And you spend your time in games of impeachment and allow two days to pass so that you force savor them the more.The First Speaker managed to mask his anguish. Please tell us, Speaker Gendibal, what you designate the significance of thi s might be.It is an indication, First Speaker, of the technological advances that are being make by the First Foundation, who are far more motiveful now than they were in the time of Preem Palver. We could not stand up against them if they found us and were free to act.Speaker Delarmi rose to her feet. She said, First Speaker, our time is being wasted with irrelevancies. We are not children to be excite with tales by Grandmother Spacewarp. It does not matter how impressive the machinery of the First Foundation is when, in either crisis, t inheritor caputs will be in our control.What do you have to say to that, Speaker Gendibal? asked the First Speaker. Merely that we will come to the matter of minds in due course. For the moment, I merely wish to stress the superior and increasing technological might of the First Foundation.The First Speaker said, Pass on to the next stagecoach, Speaker Gendibal. Your set-back point, I must tell you, does not impress me as very pertinent to the matter contained in the bill of impeachment.There was a clear gesture of agreement from the Table generally.Gendibal said, I pass on. Trevize has a come with in his present journey (he paused momentarily to consider pronunciation) one Janov Pelorat, a rather ineffectual scholar who has devoted his life to tracking nap myths and legends concerning universe.You cheat all this to the highest degree him? Your hidden source, I presume? said Delarmi, who had settled into her type of prosecutor with a clear feeling of comfort.Yes, I do it all this about him, said Gendibal stolidly. A few months ago, the Mayor of Terminus, an energetic and capable woman, grew interemaindered in this scholar for no clear reason, and so I grew interested, too, as a matter of course. Nor have I kept this to myself. All the information I have gained has been made available to the First Speaker.I bear witness to that, said the First Speaker in a low voice.An elderly Speaker said, What is this Earth? I s it the world of rise we keep coming across in fables? The one they made a fuss about in old Imperial times?Gendibal nodded. In the tales of Grandmother Spacewarp, as Speaker Delarmi would say. I suspect it was Pelorats dream to come to Trantor to consult the Galactic library, in order to find information concerning Earth that he could not obtain in the interstellar library service available on Terminus.When he left-hand(a) Terminus with Trevize, he must have been under the impression that that dream was to be ful fill up. Certainly we were expecting the two and counted on having the opportunity to examine them to our own profit. As it turns out and as you all accredit by now they are not coming. They have off-key off to some destination that is not yet clear and for some reason that is not yet pick outn.Delarmis round face looked positively cherubic as she said, And why is this disturbing? We are no worse off for their absence, surely. Indeed, since they dismiss us so easily, we can deduce that the First Foundation does not have the true nature of Trantor and we can applaud the handiwork of Preem Palver.Gendibal said, If we thought no further, we might indeed come to such a comforting solution. Could if be, though, that the turnoff was not the result of every fai hook shot to see the importance of Trantor? Could it be that the turnoff resulted from anxiety lest Trantor, by examining these two men, see the importance of Earth?There was a stir about the Table.Anyone, said Delarmi coldly, can invent formidable-sounding propositions and couch them in balanced sentences. But do they make sense when you do invent them? wherefore should anyone care what we of the Second Foundation presuppose of Earth? Whether it is the true planet of origin, or whether it is a myth, or whether there is no one place of origin to begin with, is surely something that should interest only historians, anthropologists, and folk-tale collectors, such as this Pelorat of your s. wherefore us?Why indeed? said Gendibal. How is it, then, that there are no references to Earth in the Library?For the first time, something in the atmosphere that was other than hostility made itself felt about the Table.Delarmi said, Arent there?Gendibal said quite calmly, When word first reached me that Trevize and Pelorat might be coming here in search of information concerning Earth, I, as a matter of course, had our Library computer make a inclination of documents containing such information. I was mildly interested when it turned up nothing. Not minor quantities. Not very little. nil?But then you insisted I attend for two days before this hearing could take place, and at the same time, my curiosity was further piqued by the news that the First Foundationers were not coming here after all. I had to amuse myself somehow. While the rest of you therefore were, as the saying goes, sipping wine while the house was falling, I went through some history books in my own possessi on. I came across passages that specifically mentioned some of the investigations on the Origin Question in late-Imperial times. Particular documents both printed and filmed were referred to and quoted from. I produceed to the Library and made a personal check for those documents. I assure you there was nothing.Delarmi said, Even if this is so, it need not be surprising. If Earth is indeed a myth accordingly I would find it in mythological references. If it were a story of Grandmother Spacewarp, I would find it in the collected tales of Grandmother Spacewarp. If it were a figment of the unhealthy mind, I would find it under psychopathology. The fact is that something about Earth exists or you would not all have heard of it and, indeed, immediately recognized it as the anatomy of the putative planet of origin of the human species. Why, then, is there no reference to it in the Library, anywhere?Delarmi was silent for a moment and another Speaker interposed. He was Leonis Cheng, a rather small man with an encyclopedic knowledge of the minutiae of the Seldon Plan and a rather myopic attitude toward the actual Galaxy. His eyes tended to blink chop-chop when he spoke.He said, It is well known that the Empire in its final days attempted to create an Imperial mystique by soft-pedaling all interest in pre-Imperial times.Gendibal nodded. Soft-pedaled is the precise term, Speaker Cheng. That is not equivalent to destroying evidence. As you should know better than anyone, another characteristic of Imperial decay was a sudden interest in earlier and presumably better times. I have just referred to the interest in the Origin Question in Hari Seldons time.Cheng interrupted with a formidable clearing of the throat. I know this very well, young man, and know far more of these social problems of Imperial decay than you seem to think I do. The process of Imperialization overtook these dilettantish games concerning Earth. Under Cleon II, during the Empires last resurgence , two centuries after Seldon, Imperialization reached its peak and all speculation on the question of Earth came to an end. There was even a directive in Cleons time concerning this, referring to the interest in such things as (and I think I quote it correctly) stale and unproductive speculation that tends to undermine the peoples love of the Imperial throne.Gendibal smiled. thus it was in the time of Cleon II, Speaker Cheng, that you would place the destruction of all reference to Earth?I draw no conclusions. I have simply verbalise what I have stated.It is shrewd of you to draw no conclusions. By Cleons time, the Empire may have been resurgent, but the University and Library, at least, were in our hands or, at any rate, in those of our predecessors. It would have been impossible for any material to be drawd from the Library without the Speakers of the Second Foundation knowing it. In fact, it would have been the Speakers to whom the task would have had to be entrusted, though t he dying Empire would not have known that.Gendibal paused, but Cheng, saying nothing, looked over the others corpus.Gendibal said, It follows that the Library could not have been emptied of material on Earth during Seldons time, since the Origin Question was then an active preoccupation. It could not have been emptied afterward because the Second Foundation was in charge. Yet the Library is empty of it now. How can this be?Delarmi broke in impatiently, You may stop weaving the dilemma, Gendibal. We see it. What is it that you show as a solution? That you have removed the documents yourself?As usual, Delarmi, you penetrate to the heart. And Gendibal hang his head to her in sardonic respect (at which she allowed herself a slight lifting of the lip). One solution is that the cleansing was done by a Speaker of the Second Foundation, mortal who would know how to use curators without leaving a memory behind and computers without leaving a record behindFirst Speaker Shandess turned re d. Ridiculous, Speaker Gendibal. I cannot imagine a Speaker doing this. What would the motivation be? Even if, for some reason, the material on Earth were removed, why keep it from the rest of the Table? Why risk a complete destruction of ones career by tampering with the Library when the chances of its being discovered are so great? Besides, I dont think that even the most skillful Speaker could perform the task without leaving a trace. and then it must be, First Speaker, that you disagree with Speaker Delarmi in her hint that I did itI certainly do, said the First Speaker. Sometimes I doubt your judgment, but I have yet to consider you down aright insane.Then it must never have happened, First Speaker. The material on Earth must still be in the Library, for we now seem to have eliminated all the possible ways in which it could have been removed and yet the material is not there.Delarmi said with an affectation of weariness, Well well, let us finish. Again, what is it you suggest as a solution? I am sure you think you have one.If you are sure, Speaker, we may all be sure as well. My suggestion is that the Library was cleansed by someone of the Second Foundation who was under the control of a subtle force from outside the Second Foundation. The cleansing went unnoticed because that same force saw to it that it was not noticed.Delarmi laughed. Until you found out. You the uncontrolled and uncontrollable. If this mysterious force existed, how did you find out about the absence of material from the Library? Why werent you controlled?Gendibal said may feel, as we gravely, Its not a laughing matter, Speaker. They feel, that all tampering should be held to a minimum. When my life was in jeopardy a few days ago, I was more concerned with refraining from fiddling with a Hamish mind than with protecting myself. So it might be with these others as soon as they felt it was safe they ceased tampering. That is the danger, the deadly danger. The fact that I could find out what has happened may mean they no longer care that I do. The fact that they no longer care may mean that they feel they have already won. And we continue to coquet our games hereBut what manoeuver do they have in all this? What conceivable aim? demanded Delarmi, shuffling her feet and biting her lips. She felt her power fading as the Table grew more interested concernedGendibal said, Consider The First Foundation, with its enormous arsenal of somatogenetic power, is searching for Earth. They pretend to send out two exiles, hoping we will think that is all they are, but would they equip them with ships of unbelievable power-ships that can move ten thousand parsecs in less than an hour if that was all that they were?As for the Second Foundation, we have not been searching for Earth and, clearly, steps have been taken without our knowledge to keep any information of Earth apart from us. The First Foundation is now so close to finding Earth and we are so far from doing so, t hatGendibal paused and Delarmi said, That what? bar your childish tale. Do you know anything or dont you?I dont know everything, Speaker. I have not penetrated the total depth of the web that is encircling us, but I know the web is there. I dont know what the significance of finding Earth might be, but I am certain the Second Foundation is in enormous danger and, with it, the Seldon Plan and the future of all humanity.Delarmi rose to her feet. She was not smiling and she spoke in a tense but tightly controlled voice. cast aside? First Speaker, put an end to this What is at issue is the accuseds behavior. What he tells us is not only childish but irrelevant. He cannot extenuate his behavior by building a cobwebbery of theories that makes sense only in his own mind. I call for a vote on the matter now a unharmed vote for conviction.Wait, said Gendibal sharply. I have been told I would have an opportunity to defend myself, and there remains one more item one more. Let me present t hat, and you may proceed to a vote with no further objection from me.The First Speaker rubbed his eyes wearily. You may continue, Speaker Gendibal. Let me point out to the Table that the conviction of an impeached Speaker is so weighty and, indeed, unprecedented an action that we dare not give the appearance of not allowing a full defense. Remember, too, that even if the verdict satisfies us, it may not satisfy those who come after us, and I cannot believe that a Second Foundationer of any level let wholly the Speakers of the Table would not have a full appreciation of the importance of historical perspective. Let us so act that we can be certain of the approval of the Speakers who will follow us in the coming centuries.Delarmi said bitterly, We run the risk, First Speaker, of having posterity laugh at us for belaboring the obvious. To continue the defense is your decision.Gendibal drew a deep breath. In line with your decision, then, First Speaker, I wish to call a witness a yo ung woman I met three days ago and without whom I might not have reached the Table meeting at all, instead of merely being late.Is the woman you speak of known to the Table? asked the First Speaker.No, First Speaker. She is native to this planet.Delarmis eyes opened wide. A Hamishwoman?Indeed Just soDelarmi said, What have we to do with one of those? Nothing they say can be of any importance. They dont existGendibals lips drew back tightly over his teeth in something that could not possibly have been preposterous for a smile. He said sharply, Physically all the Hamish exist. They are human beings and play their part in Seldons Plan. In their indirect protection of the Second Foundation, they play a crucial part. I wish to dissociate myself from Speaker Delarmis inhumanity and hope that her remark will be retained in the record and be considered hereafter as evidence for her possible unfitness for the position of Speaker. Will the rest of the Table agree with the Speakers incredibl e remark and deprive me of my witness?The First Speaker said, Call your witness, Speaker.Gendibals lips relaxed into the normal expressionless features of a Speaker under pressure. His mind was guarded and fenced in, but behind this protective barrier, he felt that the danger point had passed and that he had won.Sura Novi looked strained. Her eyes were wide and her lower lip was faintly trembling. Her hands were slowly clenching and unclenching and her chest was heaving slightly. Her hair had been pulled back and lace into a bun her sun-darkened face twitched now and then. Her hands fumbled at the pleats of her long skirt. She looked hastily around the Table from Speaker to Speaker her wide eyes filled with awe.They glanced back at her with varying degrees of contempt and discomfort. Delarmi kept her eyes well above the top of Novis head, oblivious to her presence.Carefully Gendibal touched the skin of her mind, soothing and reposeful it. He might have done the same by patting h er hand or stroking her cheek, but here, under these circumstances, that was impossible, of course.He said, First Speaker, I am numbing this womans conscious awareness so that her testimony wilt not be distorted by fear. Will you please compass will the rest of you, if you wish, join me and observe that I will, in no way, modify her mind?Novi had started back in terror at Gendibals voice, and Gendibal was not surprised at that. He realized that she had never heard Second Foundationers of high rank speak among themselves. She had never experienced that odd swift combination of sound, tone, expression and thought. The terror, however, faded as quickly as it came, as he gentled her mind.A look of placidity crossed her face.There is a chair behind you, Novi, Gendibal said. Please sit down.Novi curtsied in a small and clumsy manner and sat down, holding herself stiffly.She talked quite clearly, but Gendibal made her repeat when her Hamish accent became too thick. And because he kept hi s own speech formal in deference to the Table, he occasionally had to repeat his own questions to her.The tale of the fight between himself and Rufirant was described muffledly and well.Gendibal said, Did you see all this yourself, Novi?Nay, Master, or I would have sooner-stopped it. Rufirant be good fellow, but not quick in head.But you described it all. How is that possible if you did not see it all?Rufirant be telling me thereof, on unbelieving. He be ashamed.Ashamed? Have you ever known him to behave in this manner in earlier times?Rufirant? Nay, Master. He be gentle, though he be large. He be no fighter and he be afeared of scowlers. He say much they are mighty and possessed of power. Why didnt he feel this way when he met me?It be strange. It be not understood. She shook her head. He be not his ain self. I said to him, Thou blubber-head. Be it your place to assault scowler? And he said, I know not how it happened. It be like I am to one side, standing and watching not-I.Sp eaker Cheng interrupted. First Speaker, of what value is it to have this woman report what a man has told her? Is not the man available for questioning?Gendibal said, He is. If, on completion of this womans testimony, the Table wishes to hear more evidence, I will be ready to call Karoll Rufirant my recent antagonist to the stand. If not, the Table can move directly to judgment when I am done with this witness.Very well, said the First Speaker. Proceed with your witness.Gendibal said, And you, Novi? Was it like you to interfere in a fight in this manner?Novi did not say anything for a moment. A small frown appeared between her thick eyebrows and then disappeared. She said, I know not. I wish no harm to scowlers. I be, driven, and without thought I inmiddled myself. A pause, then., I be do it over if need arise.Gendibal said, Novi, you will sleep now. You will think of nothing. You will rest and you will not even dream.Novi mumbled for a moment. Her eyes closed and her head fell ba ck against the headrest of her chair.Gendibal waited a moment, then said, First Speaker, with respect, follow me into this womans mind. You will find it remarkably simple and symmetrical, which is fortunate, for what you will see might not have been visible otherwise. Here here Do you observe? If the rest of you will enter it will be easier if it is done one at a time.There was a rising buzz about the Table.Gendibal said, Is there any doubt among you?Delarmi said, I doubt it, for She paused on the brink of what was even for her unsayable.Gendibal said it for her. You think I deliberately tampered with this mind in order to present false evidence? You think, therefore, that I am capable of bringing about so delicate an adjustment one mental fiber clearly out of shape with nothing about it or its surroundings that is in the least disturbed? If I could do that, what need would I have to deal with any of you in this manner? Why subject myself to the indignity of a trial? Why labo r to convince you? If I could do what is visible in this womans mind, you would all be helpless before me unless you were well prepared. The blunt fact is that none of you could manipulate a mind as this womans has been manipulated. Neither can I. Yet it has been done.He paused, looking at all the Speakers in turn, then fixing his gaze on Delarmi. He spoke slowly. Now, if anything more is required, I will call in the Hamish farmer, Karoll Rufirant, whom I have examined and whose mind has also been tampered with in this manner.That will not be necessary, said the First Speaker, who was wearing an appalled expression. What we have seen is mindshaking.In that case, said Gendibal, may I rouse this Hamishwoman and dismiss her? I have arranged for there to be those outside who will see to her recovery.When Novi had left, directed by Gendibals gentle hold on her elbow, be said, Let me quickly summarize. Minds can be and have been altered in ways that are beyond our power. In this way, th e curators themselves could have been influenced to remove Earth material from the Library without our knowledge or their own. We see how it was arranged that I should be delayed in arriving at a meeting of the Table. I was threatened I was rescued. The result was that I was impeached. The result of this apparently natural concatenation of events is that I may be removed from a position of power and the course of action which I champion and which threatens these people, whoever they are, may be negated.Delarmi leaned forward. She was clearly shaken. If this secret organization is so clever, how were you able to discover all this?GendibaI felt free to smile, now. No credit to me, he said. I lay no claim to expertise superior to that of other Speakers certainly not to the First Speaker. However, neither are these Anti-Mules as the First Speaker has rather engagingly called them infinitely wise or infinitely immune to circumstance. Perhaps they chose this particular Hamishwoman as their instrument exactly because she required very little adjustment. She was, of her own character, sympathetic to what she calls scholars, and admired them intensely.But then, once this was over, her momentary contact with me strengthened her fantasy of becoming a scholar herself. She came to me the next day with that purpose in mind. Curious at this peculiar ambition of hers, I studied her mind which I certainly would not otherwise have done and, more by accident than anything else, stumbled upon the adjustment and noted its significance. Had another woman been chosen one with a less natural pro-scholar bias the Anti-Mules might have had to labor more at the adjustment, but the consequences might well not have followed and I would have remained ignorant of all this. The Anti-Mules miscalculated or could not sufficiently allow for the unforseen. That they can stumble so is heartening.Delarmi said, The First Speaker and you call this organization the Anti-Mules, I presume, because they seem to labor to keep tile Galaxy in the ,path of the. Seldon Plan, rather than to disrupt it as the Male himself did. If the Anti-Mines do this, why are they dangerous?Why should then labor, if not for some purpose? We dont know what that purpose as. A cynic might say that they intend to step in at some future time and thin the current in another direction, one tat mar please them far more than it would please ifs. That is my own feeling, even though I do riot major(ip) in cynicism. Is Speaker Delarmi prepared to maintain, out of the love and trust that we all know form so great a part of her character, that these are cosmic altruists, doing our work for us, without dream of reward?There was a gentle susurration of laughter about the Table at this and Gendibal knew that he had won. And Delarmi knew that she had upset, for there was a dust of rage that showed through her harsh mentalic control like a momentary ray of ruddy sunlight through a thick canopy of leaves.Ge ndibal said, When I first experienced the incident with the Hamish farmer, I leaped to the conclusion that another Speaker was behind it. When I noted the adjustment of the Hamishwomans mind, I knew that I was right as to the plot but wrong as to the plotter. I apologize for the misinterpretation and I plead the circumstances as an extenuation.The First Speaker said, I believe this may be construed as an apologyDelarmi interrupted. She was quite placid again her face was friendly, her voice downright saccharine. With total respect, First Speaker, if I may interrupt. Let us drop this matter of impeachment. At this moment, I would not vote for conviction and I imagine no one will. I would even suggest the impeachment be stricken from the Speakers unblemished record. Speaker Gendibal has exonerated himself ably. I congratulate him on that and for uncovering a crisis that the rest of us might well have allowed to smolder on indefinitely, with incalculable results. I offer the Speaker my wholehearted apologies for my earlier hostility.She virtually beamed at Gendibal, who felt a reluctant admiration for the manner in which she shifted direction egregiously in order to cut her losses. He also felt that all this was but preliminary to an attack from a new direction.He was certain that what was coming would not be pleasant.When she exerted herself to be charming, Speaker Delora Delarmi had a way of dominating the Speakers Table. Her voice grew soft, her smile indulgent, her eyes sparkling, all of her sweet. No one cared to interrupt her and everyone waited for the blow to fall.She said, Thanks to Speaker Gendibal, I think we all now understand what we must do. We do not see the Anti-Mules we know nothing about them, except for their fugitive touches on the minds of people right here in the stronghold of the Second Foundation itself. We do not know what the power center of the First Foundation is planning. We may face an alliance of the Anti-Mules and the First Fou ndation. We dont know.We do know that this Golan Trevize and his companion, whose name escapes me at the moment, are going we know not where and that the First Speaker and Gendibal feel that Trevize holds the key to the outcome of this great crisis. What, then, are we to do? Clearly we must find out everything we can about Trevize where he is going, what he is thinking, what his purpose may be or, indeed, whether he has any destination, any thought, any purpose whether he might not, in fact, be a mere tool of a force greater than he.Gendibal said, He is under observation.Delarmi pursed her lips in an indulgent smile. By whom? By one of our outworld agents? Are such agents to be expected to stand against those with the powers we have seen demonstrated here? Surely not. In the Mules time, and later on, too, the Second Foundation did not hesitate to send out and even to sacrifice volunteers from among the best we had, since nothing less would do. When it was necessary to restore the Seldon Plan, Preem Palver himself scoured the Galaxy as a Trantorian trader in order to bring back that girl, Arkady. We cannot sit here and wait, now, when the crisis may be greater than in either previous case. We cannot rely on minor functionaries watchers and messenger boys.Gendibal said, Surely you are not suggesting that the First Speaker leave Trantor at this time?Delarmi said, Certainly not. We need him badly here. On the other hand, there is you, Speaker Gendibal. It is you who have correctly comprehend and weighed the crisis. It is you who detected the subtle outside interference with the Library and with Hamish minds. It is you who have maintained your views against the united opposition of the Table and won. No one here has seen as clearly as you have and no one can be trusted, as you can, to continue to see clearly. It is you who must, in my opinion, go out to confront the enemy. May I have the sense of the Table?There was no formal vote needed to reveal that sense. Each Speaker felt the minds of the others and it was clear to a short appalled Gendibal that, at the moment of his victory and Delarmis defeat, this formidable woman was managing to send him irrevocably into exile on a task that might occupy him for some indefinite period, while she remained behind to control the Table and, therefore, the Second Foundation and, therefore, the Galaxy sending all alike, perhaps, to their doom.And if Gendibal-in-exile should, somehow, manage to gather the information that would enable the Second Foundation to avert the gathering crisis, it would be Delarmi who would have the credit for having arranged it, and his success would but confirm her power. The quicker Gendibal would be, the more efficiently he succeeded, the more surely he would confirm her power.It was a beautiful maneuver, an unbelievable recovery.And so clearly was she dominating the Table even now that she was virtually usurping the First Speakers role. Gendibals thought to that effect was overtaken by the rage he sensed from the First Speaker.He turned. The First Speaker was making no effort to hide his anger and it soon was clear that another internal crisis was building to replace the one that had been resolved.Quindor Shandess, the twenty-fifth First Speaker, had no extraordinary illusions about himself.He knew he was not one of those few dynamic First Speakers who had illuminated the five-century-long history of the Second Foundation but then, he didnt have to be. He controlled the Table in a quiet period of Galactic prosperity and it was not a time for dynamism. It had seemed to be a time to play a holding game and he had been the man for this role. His predecessor had chosen him for that reason.You are not an adventurer, you are a scholar, the twenty-fourth First Speaker had said. You will preserve the Plan, where an adventurer might ruin it. push Let that be the key word for your Table.He had tried, but it had meant a passive First Speakership and this had been, on occasion, interpreted as weakness. There had been recurrent rumors that he meant to resign and there had been open intrigue to assure the succession in one direction or another.There was no doubt in Shandesss mind that Delarmi had been a leader in the fight. She was the strongest personality at the Table and even Gendibal, with all the fire and folly of youth, retreated before her, as he was doing right now.But, by Seldon, passive he might be, or even weak, but there was one prerogative of the First Speaker that not one in the line had ever given up, and neither would he do so.He rose to speak and at once there was a hush about the Table. When the First Speaker rose to speak, there could be no interruptions. Even Delarmi or Gendibal would not dare to interrupt.He said, Speakers I agree that we face a dangerous crisis and that we must take strong measures. It is I who should go out to meet the enemy. Speaker Delarmi, with the gentleness that characterizes her, excuses m e from the task by stating that I am needed here. The truth, however, is that I am needed neither here nor there. I grow old I grow weary. There has long been expectation I would someday resign and perhaps I ought to. When this crisis is successfully surmounted, I shall resign.But, of course, it is the privilege of the First Speaker to choose his successor. I am going to do so now. There is one Speaker who has long dominated the proceedings of the Table one Speaker who, by force of personality, has often supplied the leadership that I could not. You all know I am speaking of Speaker Delarmi.He paused, then said, You alone, Speaker Gendibal, are registering disapproval. May I ask why? He sat down, so that Gendibal might have the right to answer.I do not disapprove, First Speaker, said Gendibal in a low voice. It is your prerogative to choose your successor.And so I will. When you return having succeeded in initiating the process that will put an end to this crisis it will be time f or my resignation. My successor will then be directly in charge of conducting whatever policies may be required to carry on and complete that process. Do you have anything to say, Speaker Gendibal?Gendibal said quietly, When you make Speaker Delarmi your successor, First Speaker, I hope you will see fit to advise her toThe First Speaker interrupted him roughly. I have spoken of Speaker Delarmi, but I have not named her as my successor. Now what do you have to say?My apologies, First Speaker. I should have said, assuming you make Speaker Delarmi your successor upon my return from this mission, would you see fit to advise her toNor will I make her my successor in the future, under any conditions. Now what do you have to say? The First Speaker was unable to make this announcement without a stab of satisfaction at the blow he was delivering to Delarmi. He could not have done it in a more humiliating fashion.Well, Speaker Gendibal, he said, what do you have to say?That I am confused.The First Speaker rose again. He said, Speaker Delarmi has dominated and led, but that is not all that is needed for the post of First Speaker. Speaker Gendibal has seen what we have not seen. He has faced the united hostility of the Table, and forced it to rethink matters, and has dragged it into agreement with him. I have my suspicions as to the motivation of Speaker Delarmi in placing the responsibility of the pursuit of Golan Trevize on the shoulders of Speaker Gendibal, but that is where the burden belongs. I know he will succeed I trust my intuition in this and when he returns, Speaker Gendibal will go the twenty-sixth First Speaker.He sat down abruptly and each Speaker began to make clear his opinion in a bedlam of sound, tone, thought, and expression. The First Speaker paid no attention to the cacophony, but stared indifferently before him. Now that it was done, he realized with some surprise the great comfort there was in laying down the mantle of responsibility. He shoul d have done it before this but he couldnt have.It was not till now that he had found his obvious successor.And then, somehow, his mind caught that of Delarmi and he looked up at her.By Seldon She was calm and smiling. Her desperate disappointment did not show she had not given up. He wondered if he had played into her hands. What was there left for her to do?Debra Delarmi would freely have shown her desperation and disappointment, if that would have proven of any use whatever.It would have given her a great deal of satisfaction to locomote out at that senile fool who controlled the Table or at that juvenile idiot with whom Fortune had conspired but satisfaction wasnt what she wanted. She wanted something more.She wanted to be First Speaker.And while there was a card left to play, she would play it.She smiled gently, and managed to lift her hand as though she were about to speak, and then held the pose just long enough to insure that when she did speak, all would be not merely no rmal, but radiantly quiet.She said, First Speaker, as Speaker Gendibal said earlier, I do not disapprove. It is your prerogative to choose your successor. If I speak now, it is in order that I may contribute I hope to the success of what has now become Speaker Gendibals mission. May I explain my thoughts, First Speaker?Do so, said the First Speaker curtly. She was entirely too smooth, too pliant, it seemed to him.Delarmi bent her head gravely. She no longer smiled. She said, We have ships. They are not as technologically magnificent as those of the First Foundation, but they will carry Speaker Gendibal He knows how to pilot one, I believe, as do we all. We have our representatives on every major planet in the Galaxy, and he will be welcomed everywhere. Moreover, he can defend himself against even these Anti-Mules, now that he is thoroughly aware of the danger. Even when we were unaware, I suspect they have preferred to work through the lower classes and even the Hamish farmers. We will, of course, thoroughly inspect the minds of all the Second Foundationers, including the Speakers, but I am sure they have remained inviolate. The Anti-Mules did not dare interfere with us.Nevertheless, there is no reason why Speaker Gendibal should risk more than he must. He is not intending to engage in derring do and it will be best if his mission is to some extent disguised if he takes them unaware. It will be useful if he goes in the role of a Hamish trader. Preem Palver, we all know, went off into the Galaxy as a supposed trader.The First Speaker said, Preem Palver had a specific purpose in doing so Speaker Gendibal has not. If it appears a disguise of some secern is necessary, I am sure he will be ingenious enough to adopt one.With respect, First Speaker, I wish to point out a subtle disguise. Preem Palver, you will remember, took with him his wife and companion of many years. Nothing so thoroughly established the rustic nature of his character as the fact that he was traveling with his wife. It allayed all suspicion.Gendibal said, I have no wife. I have had companions, but none who would now volunteer to assume the marital role.This is well known, Speaker Gendibal, said Delarmi, but then people will take the role for granted if any woman is with you. Surely some volunteer can be found. And if you feel the need to be able to present documentary evidence, that can be provided. I think a woman should come with you.For a moment, Gendibal was breathless. Surely she did not mean. Could it be a ploy to achieve a share in the success? Could she be playing for a joint or rotating occupation of the First Speakership?Gendibal said grimly, I am peted that Speaker Delarmi should feel that sheAnd Delarmi broke into an open laugh and looked at Gendibal with what was almost true affection. He had fallen into the trap and looked foolish for having done so. The Table would not forget that.She said, Speaker Gendibal, I would not have the impertinence to attemp t to share in this task. it is yours and yours alone, as the post of First Speaker will be yours and yours alone. I would not have thought you wanted me with you. Really, Speaker, at my age, I no longer think of myself as a smoothieThere were smiles around the Table and even the First Speaker tried to hide one.Gendibal felt the stroke and labored not to compound the loss by failing to match her lightness. It was labor lost.He said, as unsavagely as he could, Then what is it you would suggest? It was not in my thoughts, I assure you, that you would wish to be me. You are at your best at the Table and not in the hurly-burly of Galactic affairs, I know.I agree, Speaker Gendibal, I agree, said Delarmi. My suggestion, however, refers back to your role as Hamish trader. To make it indisputably authentic, what better companion need you ask but a Hamishwoman?A Hamishwoman? For a second time in rapid succession, Gendibal was caught by surprise and the Table enjoyed it.The Hamishwoman, Dela rmi went on. The one who saved you from a beating. The one who gazes at you worshipfully. The one whose mind you probed and who then, quite unwittingly, saved you a second time from well more than a beating. I suggest you take her.Gendibals impulse was to refuse, but he knew that she expected that. It would mean more enjoyment for the Table. It was clear now that the First Speaker, anxious to strike out at Delarmi, had made a mistake by naming Gendibal his successor or, at the very least, that Delarmi had quickly converted it into one.Gendibal was the youngest of the Speakers. He had angered the Table and had then avoided conviction by them. In a very real way, he had humiliated them. None could see him as the heir apparent without resentment.That would have been hard enough to overcome, but now they would remember how easily Delarmi had twitched him into ridicule and how much they had enjoyed it. She would use that to convince them, all too easily, that he lacked the age and expe rience for the role of First Speaker. Their united pressure would force the First Speaker into changing his decision while Gendibal was off on his mission. Or, if the First Speaker held fast, Gendibal would eventually find himself with an office that would be forever helpless in the face of united opposition.He saw it all in an instant and was able to answer as though with out hesitation. He said, Speaker Delarmi, I admire your insight. I had thought to surprise you all. It was indeed my intention to take the Hamishwoman, though not quite for the very good reason you suggest. It was for her mind that I wished to take her with me. You have all examined that mind. You saw it for what it was surprisingly intelligent but, more than that, clear, simple, utterly without guile. No touch upon it by others would go unnoticed, as Im sure you all concluded.I wonder if it occurred to you, then, Speaker Delarmi, that she would serve as an excellent early-warning system. I would detect the first symptomatic presence of mentalism by way of her mind, earlier, I think, than by way of mine.There was a kind of astonished silence at that, and he said, lightly. Ah, none of you saw that. Well well, not important And I will take my leave now. Theres no time to lose.Wait, said Delarmi, her initiative lost a third time. What do you intend to do?Gendibal said with a small shrug. Why go into details? The less the Table knows, the less the Anti-Mules are likely to attempt to disturb it.He said it as though the safety of the Table was his prime concern. He filled his mind with that, and let it show.It would flatter them. More than that, the satisfaction it would bring might keep them from wondering whether, in fact, Gendibal knew exactly what it was he intended to do.The First Speaker spoke to Gendibal alone that evening.You were right, he said. I could not help brushing below the surface of your mind. I saw you considered the announcement a mistake and it was. It was my eagerness to wipe that eternal smile off her face and to strike back at the casual way in which she so frequently usurps my role.Gendibal said gently, It might have been better if you had told me privately and had then waited for my return to go further.That would not have allowed me to strike out at her. Poor motivation for a First Speaker, I know.This wont stop her, First Speaker. She will still intrigue for the post and perhaps with good reason. Im sure there are some who would argue that I should have refused your nomination. It would not be hard to argue that Speaker Delarmi has the best mind at the Table and would make the best First Speaker.The best mind at the Table, not away from it, grumbled Shandess. She recognizes no real enemies, except for other Speakers. She ought never to have been made a Speaker in the first place. See here, shall I forbid you to take the Hamishwoman? She maneuvered you into that, I know.No no, the reason I advanced for taking her is a true one. She will be an ear ly-warning system and I am grateful to Speaker Delarmi for pushing me into realizing that. The woman will prove very useful, Im convinced.Good, then. By the way, I wasnt lying, either. I am truly certain that you will accomplish whatever is needed to end this crisis if you can trust my intuition.I think I can trust it, for I agree with you. I promise you that whatever happens, I will return better than I receive. I will come back to be First Speaker, whatever the Anti-Mules or Speaker Delarmi can do.Gendibal studied his own satisfaction even as he spoke. Why was he so pleased, so insistent, on this one-ship venture into space? Ambition, of course. Preem Palver had once done just this sort of thing and he was going to show that Stor Gendibal could do it, too. No one could withhold the First Speakership from him after that. And yet was there more than ambition? The lure of combat? The generalized desire for excitement in one who had been confined to a hidden patch on a backward pla net all his adult life? He didnt entirely know, but he knew he was desperately intent on going.

The Study of Basics of Share Market with Special Reference to Sharekhan.

MAKING INVESTMENT EASIER GIVING CUSTOMER ADVICE MAKING THE grocery store MORE ASSESSIBLE OUR AIM IS TO IMPOWER THE INVESTOR TO MAKE INVESTMENT close THROUGH QUALITY ADVICE AND SUPERIOR SERVICE Sh arkhan limited Amravati branch. Tank Complex, Above Union Bank, Rajkamal Squ ar, Amravati www. copekhan. com COMPANY PROFILE packetkhan is a firm which is working under SSKI (Shantilal, Shevantilal, Kantilal, Ishwarlal) Ltd. SSKI was founded in 1922. SSKI is one of Indias oldest talk termsage houses having eight decades of experience into- ? Institutional Broking ? enthronisation Banking shell out Broking It is one of the founding members of the farm animal transfigure, Mumbai and Pioneer Institutional Broker. SSKI Entered into Retail Broking in 1985. Share khan is the Retail Broking Arm of the BIG 82 Years old organization i. e. of SSKI and Sharekhan is the Brand Name given to its Retail lineage. SSKI carries out its Retail Broking Activities under Sharekhan Brand Name. Sharekhan is unrivalled of Indias Leading Broking Houses. They Provides you a Complete Life-Cycle of Investment Solutions in Equities, Derivatives, Commodities & Depository go.Sharekhan Outlets act as Full Service Investment Solutions Provider, providing you wide range of services like ? Equity & Derivatives Trading on NSE and BSE ?Online Trading ?Commodities Trading on MCX & NCDEX ?Portfolio Management Services ?Depository Services ?IPO Services ?Wide Range of Customized Research Products ?Uniform Service Standards Sharekhan Services- Share khan is one of the Indias preeminent brokerage houses & the retail artillery of SSKI, with 340 branches in all over India. Offerings of the Sharekhan- Sharekhan offers both offline and online vocation cover. entirely now a days it mostly concentrates on online trade account through which a client can steal and lead astray shares in an present moment base from any part of the globe through website. It does not take into account any attribute of physical restriction of release to the broker for carrying out a transaction or any type of colony of payment. It facilitates the customer a speedy and elicit free transaction. Share khans product consists of a 4-in-1 concept, which integrates- ?D-mat Account ?Trading Account ?Bank Link ?Dial-N-Trade For doing a occupation of shares everyone need D-mat A/C. In his D-mat A/C one can unbroken his shares.Then Sharekhan provides a Trading A/C through this handicraft account, a Sharekhan customer can this instant transfer his funds from his savings account i. e. from bank account to Sharekhan to his trading account without any paper work. He can demoralize and sell shares from the website and to a fault view the market bells of the shares he trades on the terminal. Sharekhan. com allows trading at present only on NSE. BSE trading allow for be shortly available. To open an account a customer requires make full up a form consisting of 12 arrangings, a passport size photograp h, a residential proof, a photo ID proof and a cheque raddled of respective amount in save of S.S. Kantilal Ishwarlal securities Pvt. Ltd. & from 22 March, 2007 cheque is drawn in favour of Sharekhan LTD itself. After opening an account with Sharekhan, a customer will be given User ID, Membership password and trading password, which will enable him to advance his account and trade. Bank Connection- Sharekhan has affiliation with 11 banks, which allows its customers to taste the facility of instant credit and transfer of funds from his savings bank account to his Sharekhan trading account. The affiliated banks are as follows- ? HDFC margin ?AXIS entrust ?CITI BANK ?ICICI BANK OBC BANK ?UNION BANK ?INDUSIND BANK ?IDBI BANK ?BOI ?YES BANK ?DEUTSCHE BANK Dial-n-Trade- It is also an exclusive service available to all Sharekhan customers for trading in shares via the telephone. On dialing the toll free issuing 1800-22-7500 the customer will be direct to a tele-broker who will corr upt or sell shares for him. Share market Share market is an area which fascinates each and every individual who is craving for to a greater extent money. In simple Words, a share or rakehell is a document issued by a company, which entitles its holder to be one of the owners of the company.A share is issued by a company or can be secured from the stock market. Securities & Exchange Board of India SEBI- Establishment of SEBI The Securities and Exchange Board of India was established on April 12, 1992 in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992. The basic functions of SEBI is to protect the interests of investors in securities, to regulate the securities market & to promote its development. Functions of SEBI To register & regulate the working of detonating device market intermediaries. To regulate the working of mutual funds. To promote self-regulatory organizations. To forestall fraudulent & unfair trade practices in securities ma rket. To promote investors education of intermediaries. To prohibit insider trading in securities. To regulate acquisition of shares & takeovers of companies. Primary & Secondary commercialise- a)Primary Market In aboriginal markets securities are bought by way of public issue directly from the company. In simple words A market is primary if the proceeds of sales go to the issuer of the securities sold. This is part of the financial market where enterp repeals issue their new shares and bonds.It is conditiond by being the only moment when the enterprise receives money in exchange for selling its financial summations. b)Secondary Market The market where securities are traded after they are ab initio offered in the primary market. Most trading is done in the secondary market. To explain further, it is trading in previously issued financial doers. Examples are the New York rail line Exchange (NYSE), Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), study Stock Exchange NSE, bond markets, over-the -counter markets, residential mortgage loans, governmental guaranteed loans etc. EQUITY- NSE (National Stock Exchange)-The National Stock Exchange of India Limited or S CNX dandy (NSE) is a Mumbai-based stock exchange. It is the largest stock exchange in India in of daily turnover and number of trades, for both equities and derivative trading. Mutually-owned by a set of leading financial institutions, banks, insurance companies and new(prenominal) financial intermediaries in India. NSE is the third largest Stock Exchange in the gentleman in speak of the number of trades in equities and second fastest growing stock exchange in the world with a recorded product of 16. 6%. NSE of India was promoted by leading financial institutions at the outstrip of the Government of India. The National Stock Exchange of India was promoted by leading financial institutions at the dress hat of the Government of India, and was incorporated in November 1992 as a tax-paying company. In April 1993, it was recognized as a stock exchange under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956. Currently, NSE has the following major piece of capital markets- ?EQUITY ?FUTURES & OPTIONS ?RETAIL DEBT MARKET ?WHOLESALE DEBT MARKET ?CURRENCY DEBT MARKET BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange)- BSE has the greatest number of listed companies in the world. The SENSEX also foreknowed the BSE 30, as it has the topmost performing 30 companies listed.BSE is the oldest stock exchange in Asia and has the greatest number of listed companies in the world. It is located at Dalal Street, Mumbai, India. BSE was established as The Native Share & Stock Brokers Association in 1875. BSE is the first exchange in India and the second in the world to obtain an ISO 90012000 certifications. BSE is the first stock exchange in the country which obtained permanent recognition (in 1956) from the Government of India under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act 1956. BSE has two of worlds best exchanges, Deutsche Bores and Singapore Exchange, as its strategic partners.Today, BSE is the worlds number 1 exchange in terms of the number of listed companies and the worlds 5th in transaction numbers. An investor can demand from more than 4,700 listed companies, which for easy reference, are classified into A, B, S, T and Z groups. Bull Market- There are two classic market types utilize to characterize the general direction of the market. Bull markets are when the market is slackly rising, typically the result of a strong economy. A cocksucker market is typified by slackly rising stock monetary prys, eminent economic growth, and strong investor faith in the economy.Simply regurgitate, bull markets are movements in the stock market in which prices are rising and the consensus is that prices will cut across moving upward. During this time, economic business is high, jobs are plentiful and inflation is low. A key to successful investing during a bull market is to take advantage of the rising pri ces. Bear Market - The opposite of a bull market is a bear market when prices are dropping in a financial market for a lengthened hitch of time. A bear market tends to be accompanied by widespread pessimism. A bear market is slang for when stock prices have trim back for an extended period of time.If an investor is bearish they are referred to as a bear because they believe a particular company, industry, sector, or market in general is going to go down. Bear markets are the oppositestock prices are falling, and the view is that they will continue falling. The economy will slow down, coupled with a rise in unemployment and inflation. Buy- We can buy the shares on market price. We can also act and buy the shares on lower price than the market price. conduct- We can sell the shares on market price. We can also negotiate and sell the shares on higher rate than the market price. utterly sell- Short selling starts with borrowing a stock from your broker You sell the borrowed stock ho ping to buy it bear at a lower price and return (short cover) it to your broker for a profit All rules for buying still hand Short cover- moldiness have already short sold the stock whitethorn set a maximum price limit All other rules for selling apply Derivative Market Derivative is a product whose cherish is derived from the value of one or more basic variables, called bases ( vestigial assets, index) in a getual manner.The rudimentary assets can be Equity, Forex, commodity, Bullion or any other assets. The emergence of the market for derivative products, most notably aways, Futures and Option, can be traced back to the willingness of guess adverse economic agents to guard themselves against un trustworthyties arising out of fluctuations in asset prices. By their very nature, the financial markets are marked by a very high degree of volatility. Through the use of derivatives products, it is possible to partially or fully transfer price risks by locking in asset price.For e xample, wheat farmers whitethorn wish to sell their harvest at a approaching date to eliminate the risk of a change in prices by that date. Such a transaction is an example of derivative. The price of this derivative is driven by the spot price of wheat, which is the underlying. Types of Derivatives- The most commonly used derivatives becomes are forwards, futures and selections. 1)Forwards A forward contract is a customized contract between two entities, where settlement takes place on a stipulate date in the future at like a shots pre-agreed price.A Forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell an asset on a specified date for a specified price. The salient features of forward contracts are a)They are bilateral contracts and so exposed to counter party risk. b)Each contract is custom designed, and hence is unique in terms of contract size, pass date and the asset type and quality. c)The contract price is generally not available in public domain. d)On the expiration dat e, the contract has been colonised by delivery of the assets. e)If the party wishers to reverse the contract, he has to tyrannical go to the same counterparty, which often results in high prices being charged. )Futures A future contract is an agreement between two parties to buy or sell an asset at a authorized time in the future at a certain price. Future contracts are special types forward contracts in the sense that the former are standardize exchange traded contracts. The futures markets were designed to assoil the problems that exist in forward markets. A futures contract is an agreement between two parties to buy or sell an asset at a certain time in the future at a certain price. But unlike forward contracts, the futures contracts are standardized and exchange traded.To facilitate liquidity in the futures contracts the exchange specified certain standard features of the contract. It is a standardized contract with standard underlying instrument, a standard quantity and quality of the underlying instrument that can be delivered and a standard timing of such(prenominal) settlement. 3)Options- Option is a legal contract in which the writer of the filling grants to the purchaser, the right on to purchase from or sell to the writer a designated instrument or a scrip at a specified price within a specified period of time.There are basically two types of plectrums a)Call Option- An weft contract that gives its holder the right (but not the obligation) to purchase a specified number of shares of the underlying stock at the given off price, on or before the expiration date of the contract, regardless of the prevailing market price of the underlying asset. One buys a call option if one believes the price for the underlying asset will rise by the end of the contract. If the price does rise, the holder may buy and resell the underlying asset for a profit.If the price does not rise, the option expires and the holders loss is limited to the price of buyin g the contract. Call options may be used on their own or in conjunction with regulate options to create an option spread in order to hedge risk. Buying a call option gives you, as owner, the right to buy a fix quantity of the underlying product at a specified price, called the admit price, within a specified time period. For example, you might purchase a call option on 100 shares of a stock if you expect the stock price to sum up but prefer not to tie up your enthronization principal by investing in the stock.If the price of the stock does go up, the call option will increase in value. You might choose to sell your option at a profit or exercise the option and buy the shares at the strike price. But if the stock price at expiration is less than the strike price, the option will be worthless. The amount you lose, in that case, is the premium you paying(a) to buy the option plus any brokerage fees. In contrast, you can sell a call option, which is known as writing a call. That g ives the vendee the right to buy the underlying investment from you at the strike price before the option expires.If you write a call, you are obliged to sell if the option is exercised and you are assigned to meet the call. b)Put Option- A jell option is a financial contract between two parties, the writer ( vendor) and the buyer of the option. The buyer acquires a short position by purchasing the right to sell the underlying instrument to the seller of the option for a specified price (the strike price) during a specified period of time. If the option buyer exercises their right, the seller is obligated to buy the underlying instrument from them at the agreed upon strike price, regardless of the on-going market price.In exchange for having this option, the buyer pays the seller or option writer a fee (the option premium). By providing a guaranteed buyer and price for an underlying instrument (for a specified span of time), put options offer insurance against excessive loss. Sim ilarly, the seller of put options profits by selling options that are not exercised. Such is the case when the ongoing market value of the underlying instrument makes the option unnecessary i. e. the market value of the instrument remains higher up the strike price during the option contract period.Purchasers of put options may also profit from the ability to sell the underlying instrument at an inflated price (relative to the current market value) and repurchase their position at the much reduced current market price. COMMODITY MARKET- good trading is an interesting option for those who wish to diversify from the traditional options like shares, bonds and portfolios. The Government has made more or less all commodities entitled for futures trading. Three multi commodity exchanges have been set up in the country to facilitate this for the retail investors.The three national exchanges in India are ? Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX) ?National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange (NCDEX) ?National Multi-Commodity Exchange (NMCE) Commodity trading in India is still at its early days and gum olibanum requires an aggressive growth plan with innovative ideas. Liberal policies in commodity trading will definitely boost the commodity trading. The commodities and future market in the country is regulated by Forward Markets commission (FMC). Offerings of the Sharekhan- Sharekhan offers both offline and online trading account.But now a days it mostly concentrates on online trading account through which a customer can buy and sell shares in an instant from any part of the globe through website. It does not take into account any type of physical restriction of going to the broker for carrying out a transaction or any type of settlement of payment. It facilitates the customer a speedy and hassle free transaction. Share khans product consists of a 4-in-1 concept, which integrates- ?D-mat Account ?Trading Account ?Bank Link ?Dial-N-Trade For doing a trading of shares everyone n eed D-mat A/C. In his D-mat A/C one can kept his shares.Then Sharekhan provides a Trading A/C through this trading account, a Sharekhan customer can directly transfer his funds from his savings account i. e. from bank account to Sharekhan to his trading account without any paper work. He can buy and sell shares from the website and also view the market prices of the shares he trades on the terminal. Sharekhan. com allows trading at present only on NSE. BSE trading will be shortly available. To open an account a customer requires filling up a form consisting of 12 agreements, a passport size photograph, a residential proof, a photo ID proof and a cheque drawn of respective amount in favour of S.S. Kantilal Ishwarlal securities Pvt. Ltd. & from 22 March, 2007 cheque is drawn in favour of Sharekhan LTD itself. After opening an account with Sharekhan, a customer will be given User ID, Membership password and trading password, which will enable him to access his account and trade. Bank C onnection- Sharekhan has affiliation with 11 banks, which allows its customers to enjoy the facility of instant credit and transfer of funds from his savings bank account to his Sharekhan trading account. The affiliated banks are as follows- ? HDFC BANK ?AXIS BANK ?CITI BANK ?ICICI BANK OBC BANK ?UNION BANK ?INDUSIND BANK ?IDBI BANK ?BOI ?YES BANK ?DEUTSCHE BANK Dial-n-Trade- It is also an exclusive service available to all Sharekhan customers for trading in shares via the telephone. On dialing the toll free number 1800-22-7500 the customer will be directed to a tele-broker who will buy or sell shares for him. Share Market Share market is an area which fascinates each and every individual who is craving for more money. In simple Words, a share or stock is a document issued by a company, which entitles its holder to be one of the owners of the company.A share is issued by a company or can be purchased from the stock market. Securities & Exchange Board of India SEBI- Establishment of SEBI The Securities and Exchange Board of India was established on April 12, 1992 in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992. The basic functions of SEBI is to protect the interests of investors in securities, to regulate the securities market & to promote its development. Functions of SEBI To register & regulate the working of capital market intermediaries. To regulate the working of mutual funds. To promote self-regulatory organizations. To prohibit fraudulent & unfair trade practices in securities market. To promote investors education of intermediaries. To prohibit insider trading in securities. To regulate acquisition of shares & takeovers of companies. Primary & Secondary Market- a)Primary Market In primary markets securities are bought by way of public issue directly from the company. In simple words A market is primary if the proceeds of sales go to the issuer of the securities sold. This is part of the financial market wher e enterprises issue their new shares and bonds.It is characterized by being the only moment when the enterprise receives money in exchange for selling its financial assets. b)Secondary Market The market where securities are traded after they are initially offered in the primary market. Most trading is done in the secondary market. To explain further, it is trading in previously issued financial instruments. Examples are the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), National Stock Exchange NSE, bond markets, over-the-counter markets, residential mortgage loans, governmental guaranteed loans etc. EQUITY- NSE (National Stock Exchange)-The National Stock Exchange of India Limited or S CNX NIFTY (NSE) is a Mumbai-based stock exchange. It is the largest stock exchange in India in of daily turnover and number of trades, for both equities and derivative trading. Mutually-owned by a set of leading financial institutions, banks, insurance companies and other financial inter mediaries in India. NSE is the third largest Stock Exchange in the world in terms of the number of trades in equities and second fastest growing stock exchange in the world with a recorded growth of 16. 6%. NSE of India was promoted by leading financial institutions at the best of the Government of India. The National Stock Exchange of India was promoted by leading financial institutions at the best of the Government of India, and was incorporated in November 1992 as a tax-paying company. In April 1993, it was recognized as a stock exchange under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956. Currently, NSE has the following major segment of capital markets- ?EQUITY ?FUTURES & OPTIONS ?RETAIL DEBT MARKET ?WHOLESALE DEBT MARKET ?CURRENCY DEBT MARKET BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange)- BSE has the greatest number of listed companies in the world. The SENSEX also called the BSE 30, as it has the topmost performing 30 companies listed.BSE is the oldest stock exchange in Asia and has the grea test number of listed companies in the world. It is located at Dalal Street, Mumbai, India. BSE was established as The Native Share & Stock Brokers Association in 1875. BSE is the first exchange in India and the second in the world to obtain an ISO 90012000 certifications. BSE is the first stock exchange in the country which obtained permanent recognition (in 1956) from the Government of India under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act 1956. BSE has two of worlds best exchanges, Deutsche Bores and Singapore Exchange, as its strategic partners.Today, BSE is the worlds number 1 exchange in terms of the number of listed companies and the worlds 5th in transaction numbers. An investor can choose from more than 4,700 listed companies, which for easy reference, are classified into A, B, S, T and Z groups. Bull Market- There are two classic market types used to characterize the general direction of the market. Bull markets are when the market is generally rising, typically the result of a strong economy. A bull market is typified by generally rising stock prices, high economic growth, and strong investor confidence in the economy.Simply put, bull markets are movements in the stock market in which prices are rising and the consensus is that prices will continue moving upward. During this time, economic production is high, jobs are plentiful and inflation is low. A key to successful investing during a bull market is to take advantage of the rising prices. Bear Market - The opposite of a bull market is a bear market when prices are falling in a financial market for a pro commodioused period of time. A bear market tends to be accompanied by widespread pessimism. A bear market is slang for when stock prices have decreased for an extended period of time.If an investor is bearish they are referred to as a bear because they believe a particular company, industry, sector, or market in general is going to go down. Bear markets are the oppositestock prices are falling, and the view is that they will continue falling. The economy will slow down, coupled with a rise in unemployment and inflation. Buy- We can buy the shares on market price. We can also negotiate and buy the shares on lower price than the market price. Sell- We can sell the shares on market price. We can also negotiate and sell the shares on higher rate than the market price.Short sell- Short selling starts with borrowing a stock from your broker You sell the borrowed stock hoping to buy it back at a lower price and return (short cover) it to your broker for a profit All rules for buying still apply Short cover- Must have already short sold the stock May set a maximum price limit All other rules for selling apply Derivative Market Derivative is a product whose value is derived from the value of one or more basic variables, called bases (underlying assets, index) in a contractual manner.The underlying assets can be Equity, Forex, commodity, Bullion or any other assets. The emergence of t he market for derivative products, most notably forwards, Futures and Option, can be traced back to the willingness of risk adverse economic agents to guard themselves against uncertainties arising out of fluctuations in asset prices. By their very nature, the financial markets are marked by a very high degree of volatility. Through the use of derivatives products, it is possible to partially or fully transfer price risks by locking in asset price.For example, wheat farmers may wish to sell their harvest at a future date to eliminate the risk of a change in prices by that date. Such a transaction is an example of derivative. The price of this derivative is driven by the spot price of wheat, which is the underlying. Types of Derivatives- The most commonly used derivatives contracts are forwards, futures and options. 1)Forwards A forward contract is a customized contract between two entities, where settlement takes place on a specified date in the future at todays pre-agreed price.A Forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell an asset on a specified date for a specified price. The salient features of forward contracts are a)They are bilateral contracts and hence exposed to counter party risk. b)Each contract is custom designed, and hence is unique in terms of contract size, expiration date and the asset type and quality. c)The contract price is generally not available in public domain. d)On the expiration date, the contract has been settled by delivery of the assets. e)If the party wishers to reverse the contract, he has to compulsory go to the same counterparty, which often results in high prices being charged. )Futures A future contract is an agreement between two parties to buy or sell an asset at a certain time in the future at a certain price. Future contracts are special types forward contracts in the sense that the former are standardized exchange traded contracts. The futures markets were designed to solve the problems that exist in forward market s. A futures contract is an agreement between two parties to buy or sell an asset at a certain time in the future at a certain price. But unlike forward contracts, the futures contracts are standardized and exchange traded.To facilitate liquidity in the futures contracts the exchange specified certain standard features of the contract. It is a standardized contract with standard underlying instrument, a standard quantity and quality of the underlying instrument that can be delivered and a standard timing of such settlement. 3)Options- Option is a legal contract in which the writer of the option grants to the buyer, the right to purchase from or sell to the writer a designated instrument or a scrip at a specified price within a specified period of time. There are basically two types of options a)Call Option-An option contract that gives its holder the right (but not the obligation) to purchase a specified number of shares of the underlying stock at the given strike price, on or befor e the expiration date of the contract, regardless of the prevailing market price of the underlying asset. One buys a call option if one believes the price for the underlying asset will rise by the end of the contract. If the price does rise, the holder may buy and resell the underlying asset for a profit. If the price does not rise, the option expires and the holders loss is limited to the price of buying the contract.Call options may be used on their own or in conjunction with put options to create an option spread in order to hedge risk. Buying a call option gives you, as owner, the right to buy a fixed quantity of the underlying product at a specified price, called the strike price, within a specified time period. For example, you might purchase a call option on 100 shares of a stock if you expect the stock price to increase but prefer not to tie up your investment principal by investing in the stock. If the price of the stock does go up, the call option will increase in value.Yo u might choose to sell your option at a profit or exercise the option and buy the shares at the strike price. But if the stock price at expiration is less than the strike price, the option will be worthless. The amount you lose, in that case, is the premium you paid to buy the option plus any brokerage fees. In contrast, you can sell a call option, which is known as writing a call. That gives the buyer the right to buy the underlying investment from you at the strike price before the option expires. If you write a call, you are obliged to sell if the option is exercised and you are assigned to meet the call. )Put Option- A put option is a financial contract between two parties, the writer (seller) and the buyer of the option. The buyer acquires a short position by purchasing the right to sell the underlying instrument to the seller of the option for a specified price (the strike price) during a specified period of time. If the option buyer exercises their right, the seller is obliga ted to buy the underlying instrument from them at the agreed upon strike price, regardless of the current market price. In exchange for having this option, the buyer pays the seller or option writer a fee (the option premium).By providing a guaranteed buyer and price for an underlying instrument (for a specified span of time), put options offer insurance against excessive loss. Similarly, the seller of put options profits by selling options that are not exercised. Such is the case when the ongoing market value of the underlying instrument makes the option unnecessary i. e. the market value of the instrument remains above the strike price during the option contract period. Purchasers of put options may also profit from the ability to sell the underlying instrument at an inflated price (relative to the current arket value) and repurchase their position at the much reduced current market price. COMMODITY MARKET- Commodity trading is an interesting option for those who wish to diversify from the traditional options like shares, bonds and portfolios. The Government has made almost all commodities entitled for futures trading. Three multi commodity exchanges have been set up in the country to facilitate this for the retail investors. The three national exchanges in India are ? Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX) ?National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange (NCDEX) ?National Multi-Commodity Exchange (NMCE)Commodity trading in India is still at its early days and thus requires an aggressive growth plan with innovative ideas. Liberal policies in commodity trading will definitely boost the commodity trading. The commodities and future market in the country is regulated by Forward Markets commission (FMC). Knowledge Gained at Sharekhan- We have learned various aspects regarding to products of the Sharekhan ltd. We have also gained a lot of association about the schemes & policies of the company & also about its competitors. We have learned about the various indices & their s ignificance in market. We have also learned the impact of Sensex & dandy on overall stock market. We have learned about various fundamentals & technical aspects which affect the stock prices in short run & long run. At Sharekhan we have also been taught to use the online terminal. We also learned how to enhance communications & convincing skills & how to approach the customers. We have learned a lot relating to finance. Bibliography- Websites www. nseindia. com www. bseindia. com www. moneycontrol. com www. sharekhan. com Books & Magazines Business Today Business Standard